Clinical Trial: Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness: A Pilot RCT

Study Status: Recruiting
Recruit Status: Recruiting
Study Type: Interventional

Official Title: Bacteremia Antibiotic Length Actually Needed for Clinical Effectiveness: A Pilot RCT

Brief Summary:

Bacteremia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in critically ill adults. Although bacteria in the bloodstream (bacteremia) may arise from variable infectious foci (most commonly central vascular catheter related, lung, urinary tract, intra-abdominal, or skin and soft tissue sources), because of the high attendant morbidity and mortality of bacteremia, these patients collectively represent a critically important group to study.

The consequences of the excessive antimicrobial use for individual patients, range from rash, gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea, to anaphylaxis, neutropenia, renal failure, toxic epidermal necrolysis, death, and a marked increase in ICU and hospital drug costs. One particularly concerning complication, Clostridium difficile infection, has increased in incidence and severity over the past decade. Much of this burden could be prevented through reduction in unnecessary antibiotic use.

Another major consequence of excessive antibiotic use is antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic resistance is not only a concern for the patient who receives antibiotics, but also for neighbouring patients in the ICU, as well as future patients in the ICU and the hospital at large - through patient-to-patient transmission, and environmental contamination.

No previous randomized controlled trials have directly compared shorter versus longer durations of antimicrobial treatment in these patients. The investigators will conduct a multi-center randomized concealed allocation trial of shorter duration (7 days) versus longer duration (14 days) antibiotic treatment for critically ill patients with bacteremia admitted to ICU. Eligible, patients will be randomized to either 7 days or 14 days of adequate antimicrobial treatment. The selection of type, dose and route of anti

Detailed Summary:
Sponsor: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

Current Primary Outcome:

  • Adherence to treatment duration protocol (proportion of treatment courses) [ Time Frame: 15 days ]
    We will consider the main trial to be feasible and worthy of embarking on a larger mortality-powered RCT if 90% of antibiotic treatment courses are within 7± 2 days in the shorter duration treatment arm or 14 ± 2 days in the longer duration treatment arm.
  • Rate of recruitment (patients per site, per month) [ Time Frame: For up to 1 year ]
    We will consider the main trial to be feasible if we achieve recruitment rates of at least 1 patient per 4 weeks, on average, per participating site.


Original Primary Outcome: Same as current

Current Secondary Outcome:

  • ICU mortality [ Time Frame: Recorded as alive or dead at ICU discharge following index positive blood culture for an expected average of 2 weeks assesses upto one year. ]
  • Hospital mortality [ Time Frame: recorded as alive or dead at hospital discharge following index positive blood culture for an expected average of 4 weeks assesses upto one year. ]
  • 90 day mortality [ Time Frame: Recorded as alive or dead at 90 days following index positive blood culture ]
  • Relapse rates of bacteremia [ Time Frame: Upto 30 days after adequate antibiotic treatment ]
    Defined as the recurrence of bacteremia due to original infecting organism (same Genus and species) after documentation of negative blood cultures or clinical improvement and within 30 days after completing course of adequate antimicrobial therapy.
  • Antibiotic allergy [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment. ]

    Effect of medication on body that produces the allergic reaction to a medication like:

    • Hives
    • Itching of the skin or eyes
    • Skin rash
    • Swelling of the lips, tongue, or face
    • Wheezing
  • Anaphylaxis [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment ]

    To be considered anaphylaxis, the patient must have had >=1 of the following 3 criteria that a medical team member attributed to an Antimicrobial

    • Acute onset of skin or mucosal tissue changes (hives, itching/flush, lip/tongue/uvula swelling) over minutes/hours, accompanied by

      • respiratory compromise (dyspnea, wheeze, stridor, hypoxemia), AND/OR
      • reduced blood pressure or symptoms/signs of end organ dysfunction from shock

    • Rapid onset of two or more of the following

      • involvement of the skin-mucosa (hives, itch//flush, swollen lips/tongue/uvula)
      • respiratory compromise
      • reduced BP or associated symptoms/signs
      • persistent gastrointestinal symptoms/signs (crampy abdominal pain, vomiting)
    • Reduced blood pressure after exposure to a known allergen for that patient
  • Antimicrobial-related acute kidney injury [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment ]

    To be considered Antimicrobial-associated renal injury, a medical team member must have attributed the renal injury to the Antimicrobial, and the severity of the renal injury must meet one of these (RIFLE criteria):

    • Risk: GFR decrease >25%, serum creatinine increased 1.5 times or urine production of <0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 hours
    • Injury: GFR decrease >50%, doubling of creatinine or urine production <0.5 ml/kg/hr for 12 hours
    • Failure: GFR decrease >75%, tripling of creatinine or creatinine >355 μmol/l (with a rise of >44) (>4 mg/dl) OR urine output below 0.3 ml/kg/hr for 24 hours
    • Loss: persistent AKI or complete loss of kidney function for more than 4 weeks
    • End-stage renal disease: need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) for more than 3 months
  • Antimicrobial-related hepatitis [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment ]

    To be considered Antimicrobial-associated hepatitis, a medical team member must have attributed the hepatitis to the Antimicrobial, and the severity of the hepatitis must meet this FDA criteria for hepatic adverse events:

    o ALT> 3x the upper limit of normal

  • Rates of Clostridium difficile infection in hospital [ Time Frame: Upto 30 days after index blood culture collection date ]
    Defined as a positive PCR or ELISA test for Clostridium difficile toxin in the context of diarrhea within hospital of bacteremia diagnosis.
  • Rates of secondary nosocomial infection with antimicrobial resistant organisms in hospital [ Time Frame: Upto 30 days after index blood culture collection date ]
  • ICU lengths of stay [ Time Frame: For the duration of ICU stay, expected for an average of 30 days assessed up to 1 year. ]
  • Hospital lengths of stay [ Time Fra

    Original Secondary Outcome:

    • ICU mortality [ Time Frame: Recorded as alive or dead at ICU discharge following index positive blood culture for an expected average of 2 weeks assesses upto one year. ]
    • Hospital mortality [ Time Frame: recorded as alive or dead at hospital discharge following index positive blood culture for an expected average of 4 weekes assesses upto one year. ]
    • 90 day mortality [ Time Frame: Recorded as alive or dead at 90 days following index positive blood culture ]
    • Relapse rates of bacteremia [ Time Frame: Upto 30 days after adequate antibiotic treatment ]
      Defined as the recurrence of bacteremia due to original infecting organism (same Genus and species) after documentation of negative blood cultures or clinical improvement and within 30 days after completing course of adequate antimicrobial therapy.
    • Antibiotic allergy [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment. ]

      Effect of medication on body that produces the allergic reaction to a medication like:

      • Hives
      • Itching of the skin or eyes
      • Skin rash
      • Swelling of the lips, tongue, or face
      • Wheezing
    • Anaphylaxis [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment ]

      To be considered anaphylaxis, the patient must have had >=1 of the following 3 criteria that a medical team member attributed to an Antimicrobial

      • Acute onset of skin or mucosal tissue changes (hives, itching/flush, lip/tongue/uvula swelling) over minutes/hours, accompanied by

        • respiratory compromise (dyspnea, wheeze, stridor, hypoxemia), AND/OR
        • reduced blood pressure or symptoms/signs of end organ dysfunction from shock

      • Rapid onset of two or more of the following

        • involvement of the skin-mucosa (hives, itch//flush, swollen lips/tongue/uvula)
        • respiratory compromise
        • reduced BP or associated symptoms/signs
        • persistent gastrointestinal symptoms/signs (crampy abdominal pain, vomiting)
      • Reduced blood pressure after exposure to a known allergen for that patient
    • Antimicrobial-related acute kidney injury [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment ]

      To be considered Antimicrobial-associated renal injury, a medical team member must have attributed the renal injury to the Antimicrobial, and the severity of the renal injury must meet one of these (RIFLE criteria):

      • Risk: GFR decrease >25%, serum creatinine increased 1.5 times or urine production of <0.5 ml/kg/hr for 6 hours
      • Injury: GFR decrease >50%, doubling of creatinine or urine production <0.5 ml/kg/hr for 12 hours
      • Failure: GFR decrease >75%, tripling of creatinine or creatinine >355 μmol/l (with a rise of >44) (>4 mg/dl) OR urine output below 0.3 ml/kg/hr for 24 hours
      • Loss: persistent AKI or complete loss of kidney function for more than 4 weeks
      • End-stage renal disease: need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) for more than 3 months
    • Antimicrobial-related hepatitis [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days from start of antibiotic treatment ]

      To be considered Antimicrobial-associated hepatitis, a medical team member must have attributed the hepatitis to the Antimicrobial, and the severity of the hepatitis must meet this FDA criteria for hepatic adverse events:

      o ALT> 3x the upper limit of normal

    • Rates of Clostridium difficile infection in hospital [ Time Frame: Upto 30 days after index blood culture collection date ]
      Defined as a positive PCR or ELISA test for Clostridium difficile toxin in the context of diarrhea within hospital of bacteremia diagnosis.
    • Rates of secondary nosocomial infection with antimicrobial resistant organisms in hospital [ Time Frame: Upto 30 days after index blood culture collection date ]
    • ICU lengths of stay [ Time Frame: For the duration of ICU stay, expected for an average of 30 days assessed up to 1 year. ]
    • Hospital lengths of stay [ Time Fr

      Information By: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre

      Dates:
      Date Received: September 26, 2014
      Date Started: October 2014
      Date Completion: October 2017
      Last Updated: April 4, 2017
      Last Verified: April 2017