Clinical Trial: Study of Stroke Related Edema Treatments

Study Status: Withdrawn
Recruit Status: Withdrawn
Study Type: Interventional

Official Title: Treatment of Brain Edema and Herniation Secondary to Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke

Brief Summary:

Stroke remains the fourth leading cause of death in the United States (second worldwide) and a leading cause of long-term disability, resulting in total direct and indirect costs of approximately $73.7 billion annually. The failure of novel therapies in clinical trials demonstrates that the complex neural response to stroke must be targeted at multiple levels to improve patient outcomes. Despite significant improvements in stroke treatment and management, 1 year survival rate among stroke patients aged 65 years or more is around 25%, and 5- year survival rate amounts to approximately 50%. The highest chances of death are within 30 days of stroke. Mortality increases due to worsening brain dysfunction, elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), and other comorbid conditions.

Treatments aimed at reducing post-stroke cytotoxic edema may reduce the risk for development of malignant stroke and mortality. Current treatments such as osmo-therapy and hemicraniectomy have substantial limitations, and mortality remains high, despite these measures outcomes remain unsatisfactory. There is a great need for alternative medical approaches which are safe, predictable, and help to ameliorate post stroke edema.


Detailed Summary:

Previous work has demonstrated the pathophysiological role of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in ischemic stroke. The mechanism of action of AVP is by 3 receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b and V2 expressed in brain, pituitary gland, myocardium, vasculature and kidneys. The role of the vasopressin receptors V1a and or V2 subtype in cerebral edema formation after ischemic stroke remains controversial. The V1a receptor antagonism causes platelet inhibition, aquaporin-4 up regulation; reduce infarct size and vasodilation. V1 antagonists has also been shown to prevent ischemia-induced cerebral edema development, suggesting that the V1 vasopressin receptor is important in water regulation in brain cells. Another study indicated that the vasopressin receptor V1 is involved in the pathogenesis of secondary brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia. Recently, few studies have demonstrated that a V2 receptor antagonist (OPC-31260), may be one of the effective drugs for the early treatment of cytotoxic edema and brain injury. Treatment of OPC-31260 ameliorated cerebral neurological deficit in transgenic (GET-1) mice after water intoxication. Treatment of OPC-31260 also significantly abolished water accumulation and down regulated Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) expression level in GET-1 mice after water intoxication. The intensity of AQP-4 staining was almost comparable with that of the controls without water intoxication. It was also shown that OPC-31260 at doses of 10 to 30 mg/kg produced a dose-dependent inhibition of subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral edema formation, accompanied by an increase in urinary volume and decrease in urine osmolality without a significant alteration of urine electrolytes. OPC-31260 is also effective in treating water retention diseases, such as hyponatremia caused by inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, congestive heart failure, and liver cirrhosis. V2 receptor antagonism will also help in abolishing water ac
Sponsor: University of Florida

Current Primary Outcome:

  • Modified Rankin Score [ Time Frame: At the time of discharge from hospital, and 3 months after initial event ]

    The modified Rankin Scale (m-RS) is a commonly used scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people after they have suffered a stroke.It is one of the most widely used clinical outcome measure for stroke clinical trials. The score is given according to following scale.

    0- No symptoms at all

    1. No significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties and activities
    2. Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance
    3. Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance
    4. Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance
    5. Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent and requiring constant nursing care and attention
    6. Dead
  • National Institutes of Health Stroke Severity (NIHSS) scale [ Time Frame: At the time of discharge from hospital, and 3 months after initial event ]
    NIHSS is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the degree of impairment caused by a stroke. It is composed of 11 items. Each item scores a specific ability between a score of 0-4. Usually, for each item, a score of 0 indicates normal function in that specific abil

    Original Primary Outcome:

    • Modified Rankin Score [ Time Frame: 3 months after initial event ]

      The modified Rankin Scale (m-RS) is a commonly used scale for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people after they have suffered a stroke.It is one of the most widely used clinical outcome measure for stroke clinical trials. The score is given according to following scale.

      0- No symptoms at all

      1. No significant disability despite symptoms; able to carry out all usual duties and activities
      2. Slight disability; unable to carry out all previous activities, but able to look after own affairs without assistance
      3. Moderate disability; requiring some help, but able to walk without assistance
      4. Moderately severe disability; unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance
      5. Severe disability; bedridden, incontinent and requiring constant nursing care and attention
      6. Dead
    • National Institutes of Health Stroke Severity (NIHSS) scale [ Time Frame: 3 months after initial event ]
      NIHSS is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the degree of impairment caused by a stroke. It is composed of 11 items. Each item scores a specific ability between a score of 0-4. Usually, for each item, a score of 0 indicates normal function in that specific ability, while a higher score indicates some level of impairment. The individual scores from

      Current Secondary Outcome: All cause mortality data [ Time Frame: 3 months after initial event ]

      Mortality data indicates the severity of stroke.


      Original Secondary Outcome: Mortality data [ Time Frame: 3 months after initial event ]

      Mortality data indicates the severity of stroke.


      Information By: University of Florida

      Dates:
      Date Received: September 26, 2013
      Date Started: September 2015
      Date Completion:
      Last Updated: December 13, 2016
      Last Verified: December 2016