Clinical Trial: A New Reagent Assay Examining Natural Parvovirus B19 Infection in Sickle Cell Disease

Study Status: Completed
Recruit Status: Completed
Study Type: Observational

Official Title: Investigation in Sickle Cell Disease of a New Reagent Assay Examining Natural Parvovirus B19 Infection

Brief Summary:

Parvovirus B19 is a small virus that is the cause of "fifth" disease, a common infection in childhood. In people with sickle cell disease (SCD), parvovirus B19 infection causes the bone marrow to stop producing red blood cells temporarily, which can be life-threatening. A novel vaccine is currently in development for children with SCD. This study is the first step within a larger parvovirus B19 multi-institutional project that will help develop this new vaccine, as it will define the value and utility of using a novel assay for measurement of parvovirus-specific antibodies. The main objective is to investigate the relationship between the newly developed VP1u ELISA assay and the gold standard neutralization assay for parvovirus B19 infection.

The most accurate test, called a neutralizing antibody assay, to see if a person has had or currently has the infection is very complex and expensive and would be very difficult to use in a large research study to test the new vaccine. A new and simpler test has developed. The main goal of this study, iSCREEN, is to find out if this new test works.

There will be distinct labs performing the VP1u ELISA and the neutralization assays and the respective laboratories will not have access to each other's results for individual subjects. The VP1u ELISA will be performed at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Neutralization assays will be conducted at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.


Detailed Summary:

Participants with sickle cell disease (SCD) will be divided into three study groups depending on their history of parvovirus B19 infection. Each will have blood drawn and/or nasopharyngeal wash which will provide the biological material for evaluation by assay.

  • Group A participants will have a documented prior history of parvovirus B19 infection (aplastic crisis).
  • Group B participants will have no documented history of parvovirus B19 infection (aplastic crisis) and will serve as the negative controls for the investigation of the relationship between the VP1u ELISA and the gold standard neutralization assay for parvovirus B19 infection.
  • Group C participants will have suspected and/or confirmed acute parvovirus B19 infection (febrile illness with anemia without adequate compensatory reticulocytosis).

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

  • To estimate the correlation between the VP1u enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the gold standard neutralization assay for parvovirus B19 infection in subjects with SCD who have had a documented infection from parvovirus B19 causing aplastic crisis.
  • To identify a cut-off for negativity in the VP1u ELISA and in the neutralization assay in subjects with SCD.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES

  • To characterize the performance characteristics of the VP1u ELISA, including sensitivity and specificity.
  • To describe the kinetics of antibody responses generated following an acute parvovirus B19 infection in the serum and in the nas
    Sponsor: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

    Current Primary Outcome:

    • Correlation between the new VP1u ELISA and neutralizing antibodies tests in participants with documented parvovirus B19 infection [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
    • Mean assay value using new VP1u ELISA and neutralization assays between Group B and Group A participants [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
      To identify the cut-off for negativity for this patient population in the VP1u ELISA and in the neutralization assays, an ROC analysis will be conducted.


    Original Primary Outcome: Same as current

    Current Secondary Outcome:

    • Compare the sensitivity and specificity of the VP1u ELISA with the neutralization assay [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
      Sensitivity and specificity of VP1u ELISA will be assessed by using the neutralization assay as the gold standard.
    • Antibody response following acute parvovirus B19 infection [ Time Frame: Baseline, and Days 7, 30 and 120 ]
      Descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, median and range, will be developed and plotted.


    Original Secondary Outcome:

    • Compare the sensitivity and specificity of the VP1u ELISA with VP1u ELISA [ Time Frame: Baseline ]
      Sensitivity and specificity of VP1u ELISA will be assessed by using the neutralization assay as the gold standard.
    • Antibody response following acute parvovirus B19 infection [ Time Frame: Baseline, and Days 7, 30 and 120 ]
      Descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, median and range, will be developed and plotted.


    Information By: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

    Dates:
    Date Received: October 6, 2014
    Date Started: October 2014
    Date Completion:
    Last Updated: September 16, 2016
    Last Verified: September 2016