Clinical Trial: Disc Edema in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Study Status: Withdrawn
Recruit Status: Withdrawn
Study Type: Observational
Official Title: Incidence and Causes of Disc Edema in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Brief Summary:
Papilledema is defined as swelling of the optic nerves often due to increased intracranial pressure. When present, it often indicates life-threatening lesions of the brain such as tumors, abscesses, meningitis, encephalitis, venous sinus obstruction or intracranial hemorrhage. A similar clinical picture can also be caused by other conditions such as malignant hypertension, diabetic papillopathy and uremia. When the intracranial pressure is elevated in the absence of any known cause then it is called Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH). Untreated papilledema can cause progressive optic nerve damage and blindness.
Patients with chronic kidney disease have a number of co-morbidities and thus are at an increased risk for developing papilledema. Although clinicians have observed that patients with kidney diseases have increased incidence of papilledema (unpublished data by Corbett et al), there have been no studies on this subject to date. We believe that a higher incidence of papilledema is found in patients with kidney diseases and this study could provide evidence to suggest routine ophthalmic screening in this patient group.
Hypothesis: The prevalence of optic disc swelling is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Purpose: To establish the prevalence of disc edema in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Detailed Summary:
The craniospinal cavity is enclosed by a rigid, non-compressible bone and thus has a constant volume. It is filled with soft tissue (brain, spinal cord and connective tissue), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and circulating blood. Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure of the fluid that bathes the brain and the spinal cord. The ICP is regulated by a fine balance between the production and absorption of CSF. Any disturbance in the volumes of the contents of the rigid craniospinal cavity will cause an alteration of the ICP. Intracranial pressure can be elevated from a number of disease processes such as space occupying lesions, abnormalities of the production and absorption of the CSF and abnormalities of the circulation such as venous obstruction.
Raised ICP will symptomatically manifest as headache, vomiting, tinnitus and diplopia in addition to neurologic symptoms related to the lesion location and type. The increased ICP can be transmitted to the optic nerves causing papilledema, defined as swelling of the optic nerve head (papilla) secondary to raised ICP. Swelling of the optic nerves in the absence of raised ICP is termed disc edema (Parsons JH, Miller NR). Causes of disc edema are extensive and include ischemic optic neuropathy, malignant hypertension, diabetic papillopathy, uremia, intracranial hypotension (CSF leak).
Papilledema is considered a medical emergency and is investigated by means of neuroimaging (to evaluate intracranial lesions) and lumbar puncture (to evaluate the opening pressure and CSF contents). A diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) is made when there is elevated ICP in the absence of clinical, laboratory or radiological evidence of any known cause of raised ICP.
The most feared complication of untreated papilledema is progressive
Sponsor: University of Mississippi Medical Center
Current Primary Outcome: disc edema [ Time Frame: 0 days ]
Original Primary Outcome: Same as current
Current Secondary Outcome:
- ophthalmoscopic diagnosis [ Time Frame: 0 days ]
- neurologic diagnosis [ Time Frame: 1 month ]
Original Secondary Outcome: Same as current
Information By: University of Mississippi Medical Center
Dates:
Date Received: October 8, 2008
Date Started: January 2010
Date Completion: April 2011
Last Updated: April 28, 2009
Last Verified: April 2009
